.title Participating Organizations .synonyms cooperative effort european space agency AURA (AURA) .description For a description of the participating organizations and their responsibilities, see article. .contents The .~ Hubble Space Telescope~ is truly a cooperative effort .~ (fig. 6)~. Each of the following organizations has distinct responsibilities: .para - NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications, Washington, DC, is responsible for overall direction of the Hubble Space Telescope Program. .para - Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, is the leading NASA center for the Hubble Space Telescope, providing day-to-day management of the project. Marshall also directs the construction and integration of the telescope and spacecraft systems. .para - .~ Goddard Space Flight Center~ in Greenbelt, MD, is responsible for development of the Telescope's four American-contributed .~ scientific instruments~, the development of the ground system, and Telescope operations once in orbit. .para - European Space Agency (ESA), a consortium of eleven western European nations, is responsible for developing the .~ Faint Object Camera~, one of five .~ scientific instruments~ aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. ESA is also developing the .~ solar arrays~ which power the spacecraft and will provide a small resident staff to help operate the .~ Space Telescope Science Institute~ in Baltimore. .para The ESA's principal members include: Belgium, Denmark, France, West Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Associate members include Austria and Norway. .para - Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, will launch the Hubble Space Telescope using the Space Shuttle. .para - Kennedy Space Center, Florida, is also involved in Space Shuttle launch operations. .para - The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) has responsibility for operating the .~ Space Telescope Science Institute~ in Baltimore, MD, under contract to NASA's .~ Goddard Space Flight Center~. AURA includes: University of Arizona, California Institute of Technology, University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Colorado, Harvard, University of Hawaii, University of Illinois, Indiana University, Johns Hopkins University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, Ohio State, Princeton, University of Texas at Austin, University of Wisconsin, and Yale.